玉(yu)米(mi)已是我國第一大(da)糧食作物(wu)，但在(zai)防治玉(yu)米(mi)螟、玉(yu)米(mi)粘蟲(chong)等蟲(chong)害時施藥(yao)(yao)(yao)方法不(bu)規范，極易發生農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)過(guo)量使(shi)用，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)流(liu)失(shi)、環境(jing)污(wu)染(ran)等負面問(wen)(wen)題。由此本(ben)文針(zhen)對(dui)如(ru)(ru)何提高農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)玉(yu)米(mi)植株(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)有效利用率問(wen)(wen)題，通過(guo)借鑒(jian)國內(nei)外研究(jiu)理(li)論對(dui)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)霧(wu)(wu)化過(guo)程及(ji)霧(wu)(wu)滴在(zai)玉(yu)米(mi)植株(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)的(de)(de)沉積行(xing)為進行(xing)探(tan)究(jiu)，主要結(jie)論如(ru)(ru)下：首先通過(guo)分(fen)析(xi)室內(nei)試(shi)驗數(shu)(shu)據，以(yi)錯分(fen)樣(yang)本(ben)個數(shu)(shu)最小(xiao)為目標(biao)，得到(dao)判斷霧(wu)(wu)滴粘附(fu)(fu)-破(po)碎臨(lin)界點的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)學函數(shu)(shu)，此數(shu)(shu)學函數(shu)(shu)以(yi)速度為自(zi)變量，霧(wu)(wu)滴粒(li)徑大(da)小(xiao)為因變量確定(ding)分(fen)割曲線。結(jie)合動能定(ding)律，建立霧(wu)(wu)滴粘附(fu)(fu)-破(po)碎能量模型。其次通過(guo)研究(jiu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)霧(wu)(wu)滴霧(wu)(wu)化特(te)性及(ji)霧(wu)(wu)滴分(fen)布特(te)性探(tan)究(jiu)如(ru)(ru)何提高表(biao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)霧(wu)(wu)滴在(zai)玉(yu)米(mi)植株(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)的(de)(de)沉積率，結(jie)果顯(xian)示：乳油溶(rong)液(ye)使(shi)液(ye)力(li)式(shi)噴頭液(ye)膜顯(xian)著減小(xiao)，邊緣破(po)碎加劇，穿孔破(po)碎明(ming)顯(xian)增(zeng)加，霧(wu)(wu)滴粒(li)徑顯(xian)著增(zeng)大(da)，而水分(fen)散粒(li)劑溶(rong)液(ye)與(yu)水溶(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)霧(wu)(wu)化過(guo)程相似(si)。

助劑(ji)濃度(du)(du)(du)增大(da)，液(ye)膜區(qu)長度(du)(du)(du)先減(jian)小(xiao)后(hou)增大(da)，霧(wu)(wu)滴粒(li)徑先增加后(hou)減(jian)小(xiao)，霧(wu)(wu)化區(qu)發(fa)生(sheng)不同程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)形態變化。助劑(ji)對(dui)于水(shui)分(fen)散性(xing)(xing)(xing)粒(li)劑(ji)溶液(ye)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)更為顯(xian)著。乳油溶液(ye)與助劑(ji)可以使(shi)射(she)流噴頭產(chan)生(sheng)液(ye)包氣結構的(de)(de)霧(wu)(wu)滴。噴桿噴霧(wu)(wu)條件下霧(wu)(wu)滴體積(ji)(ji)中徑呈現(xian)波浪型分(fen)布(bu)，峰高出現(xian)在測試區(qu)域的(de)(de)中心。霧(wu)(wu)滴運動(dong)角度(du)(du)(du)分(fen)為三(san)類(lei)：90°，=90°，90°。與水(shui)平放置靶(ba)(ba)標相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)，50。靶(ba)(ba)標放置沉積(ji)(ji)量減(jian)少三(san)分(fen)之一(yi)。靶(ba)(ba)標50°放置時測試點(dian)之間的(de)(de)沉積(ji)(ji)量差(cha)異(yi)顯(xian)著(P0.05)。表(biao)明靶(ba)(ba)標角度(du)(du)(du)是霧(wu)(wu)滴分(fen)布(bu)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)引起(qi)藥液(ye)沉積(ji)(ji)分(fen)布(bu)差(cha)異(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)主要(yao)誘導(dao)因素(su)。高速攝影研究(jiu)發(fa)現(xian)模擬(ni)靶(ba)(ba)標的(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)質、放置角度(du)(du)(du)、霧(wu)(wu)滴分(fen)布(bu)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)及其運動(dong)軌(gui)跡對(dui)霧(wu)(wu)滴沉積(ji)(ji)狀(zhuang)態相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)影響(xiang)霧(wu)(wu)滴沉積(ji)(ji)行為。然后(hou)利用掃描(miao)電鏡(jing)研究(jiu)影響(xiang)霧(wu)(wu)滴沉積(ji)(ji)行為的(de)(de)玉(yu)米葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片及葉(xie)(xie)(xie)鞘(qiao)表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)微觀(guan)結構，發(fa)現(xian)玉(yu)米葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片正反面(mian)具有(you)相(xiang)(xiang)似的(de)(de)結構單元。葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片背(bei)面(mian)無針織狀(zhuang)條帶，無鉤(gou)毛(mao)，氣孔(kong)帶間距較(jiao)小(xiao)，氣孔(kong)密度(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)大(da)。玉(yu)米葉(xie)(xie)(xie)鞘(qiao)由鉤(gou)毛(mao)帶與氣孔(kong)帶組成，鉤(gou)毛(mao)帶約占(zhan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)鞘(qiao)表(biao)皮面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)二分(fen)之一(yi)。與葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)，氣孔(kong)密度(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)小(xiao)，鉤(gou)毛(mao)較(jiao)長，數量較(jiao)大(da)。

實驗(yan)結(jie)果為研究(jiu)(jiu)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)在玉米(mi)(mi)(mi)葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)上沉(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)特(te)性(xing)提(ti)供一(yi)(yi)定(ding)理論(lun)(lun)基礎。最后根據(ju)上述試驗(yan)得(de)(de)(de)出的(de)(de)科學結(jie)論(lun)(lun)，研究(jiu)(jiu)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)在玉米(mi)(mi)(mi)葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)上的(de)(de)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)特(te)性(xing)，并于(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)產實際過程中(zhong)找到提(ti)高(gao)農藥(yao)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)利用(yong)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)途(tu)徑。室(shi)內高(gao)速(su)(su)攝影(ying)技術研究(jiu)(jiu)玉米(mi)(mi)(mi)葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)上霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)特(te)性(xing)，通過分析高(gao)速(su)(su)攝影(ying)拍攝視頻，發(fa)現ST系列噴(pen)(pen)頭產生(sheng)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)易于(yu)(yu)(yu)粘(zhan)附(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)玉米(mi)(mi)(mi)葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)；玉米(mi)(mi)(mi)葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)不同部位、霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)的(de)(de)運動方向對霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)的(de)(de)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)狀態均有(you)(you)顯(xian)著影(ying)響(xiang)。經數據(ju)統(tong)計得(de)(de)(de)到不同運動軌跡(ji)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)撞(zhuang)擊水平放(fang)置(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)50°放(fang)置(zhi)玉米(mi)(mi)(mi)葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)上霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)粘(zhan)附(fu)-破碎臨界臨界能量(liang)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)，此模(mo)型(xing)(xing)可(ke)準確(que)計算霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)在玉米(mi)(mi)(mi)葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)上粘(zhan)附(fu)-破碎的(de)(de)臨界能量(liang)范(fan)圍。通過對各影(ying)響(xiang)因素進行(xing)比較(jiao)，發(fa)現無(wu)論(lun)(lun)噴(pen)(pen)施(shi)藥(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)是(shi)否添(tian)加(jia)助(zhu)劑(ji)、無(wu)論(lun)(lun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)撞(zhuang)擊靶(ba)標的(de)(de)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)如何(he)，霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)所具有(you)(you)的(de)(de)能量(liang)越高(gao)，越容易破碎;霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)粘(zhan)附(fu)-破碎的(de)(de)臨界能量(liang)值(zhi)(zhi)并不是(shi)單(dan)一(yi)(yi)數值(zhi)(zhi)，而是(shi)存在一(yi)(yi)定(ding)范(fan)圍：加(jia)助(zhu)劑(ji)后，霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)易于(yu)(yu)(yu)破碎與玉米(mi)(mi)(mi)葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)；霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)運動軌跡(ji)及(ji)靶(ba)標角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)對同一(yi)(yi)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)行(xing)為的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)取(qu)決于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)大(da)(da)小(xiao)及(ji)速(su)(su)度(du)。室(shi)內試驗(yan)發(fa)現助(zhu)劑(ji)加(jia)快霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)鋪(pu)展(zhan)，但其(qi)鋪(pu)展(zhan)速(su)(su)率(lv)(lv)取(qu)決于(yu)(yu)(yu)靶(ba)標性(xing)質。無(wu)論(lun)(lun)藥(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)是(shi)否添(tian)加(jia)助(zhu)劑(ji)，靶(ba)標的(de)(de)放(fang)置(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)、噴(pen)(pen)頭類(lei)型(xing)(xing)對沉(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)率(lv)(lv)、霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)覆蓋率(lv)(lv)均有(you)(you)顯(xian)著的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。噴(pen)(pen)頭流(liu)量(liang)增加(jia)，靶(ba)標和(he)水平面(mian)(mian)(mian)之間(jian)夾角(jiao)(jiao)增大(da)(da)，藥(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)率(lv)(lv)降低。助(zhu)劑(ji)可(ke)降低葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)藥(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)率(lv)(lv)。綜合藥(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)成(cheng)分含量(liang)比較(jiao)，得(de)(de)(de)出小(xiao)容量(liang)小(xiao)粒徑噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)過程不僅有(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)玉米(mi)(mi)(mi)葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)上藥(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)，而且利于(yu)(yu)(yu)農藥(yao)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)成(cheng)分在玉米(mi)(mi)(mi)葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)。這與霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)特(te)性(xing)所得(de)(de)(de)結(jie)論(lun)(lun)一(yi)(yi)致。

田間試驗藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)率(lv)(lv)(lv)表明：大(da)(da)容(rong)量(liang)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)后(hou)上中(zhong)下(xia)層(ceng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)率(lv)(lv)(lv)與低于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)小(xiao)(xiao)容(rong)量(liang)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)務(wu);上層(ceng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)率(lv)(lv)(lv)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)下(xia)層(ceng)。葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)率(lv)(lv)(lv)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)基部(bu)(bu)與葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)鞘(qiao)。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)率(lv)(lv)(lv)小(xiao)(xiao)粒(li)徑(jing)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)頭(tou)(tou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)率(lv)(lv)(lv)大(da)(da)都(dou)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)粒(li)徑(jing)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)頭(tou)(tou)。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)基部(bu)(bu)及葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)鞘(qiao)，未(wei)添(tian)(tian)(tian)加(jia)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劑時，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)率(lv)(lv)(lv)并(bing)未(wei)呈現小(xiao)(xiao)粒(li)徑(jing)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)頭(tou)(tou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)率(lv)(lv)(lv)低于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)或(huo)者(zhe)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)粒(li)徑(jing)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)規律；添(tian)(tian)(tian)加(jia)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劑后(hou)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)率(lv)(lv)(lv)小(xiao)(xiao)粒(li)徑(jing)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)頭(tou)(tou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)率(lv)(lv)(lv)大(da)(da)都(dou)低于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)粒(li)徑(jing)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)頭(tou)(tou)。助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劑有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)提高(gao)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)基部(bu)(bu)及葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)鞘(qiao)表面藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，降低葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)表面農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。為確定(ding)玉米冠層(ceng)中(zhong)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)及有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效利(li)用途(tu)徑(jing)，實(shi)驗對玉米葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)中(zhong)氯蟲苯(ben)甲(jia)酰胺(an)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效成(cheng)(cheng)分的(de)含(han)量(liang)進行測試。結果表明農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效成(cheng)(cheng)分含(han)量(liang)與玉米植株(zhu)的(de)高(gao)度成(cheng)(cheng)正比。無(wu)論是否添(tian)(tian)(tian)加(jia)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劑，ST110-02噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效成(cheng)(cheng)分含(han)量(liang)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其他噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)頭(tou)(tou)，且添(tian)(tian)(tian)加(jia)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劑后(hou)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)未(wei)添(tian)(tian)(tian)加(jia)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劑組(zu)。綜合室內與田間試驗得出，葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)最(zui)終有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效成(cheng)(cheng)分含(han)量(liang)不僅與小(xiao)(xiao)容(rong)量(liang)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)過(guo)程中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)流失(shi)較少有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)外，與噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效成(cheng)(cheng)分含(han)量(liang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)密切關(guan)系；雖然助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劑降低葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)表面藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，但在玉米冠層(ceng)中(zhong)可通過(guo)增加(jia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)基部(bu)(bu)及葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)鞘(qiao)表面藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)率(lv)(lv)(lv)增加(jia)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)在玉米植株(zhu)內含(han)量(liang)。最(zui)終確定(ding)小(xiao)(xiao)容(rong)量(liang)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)、小(xiao)(xiao)粒(li)徑(jing)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)及藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)添(tian)(tian)(tian)加(jia)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)劑更有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)氯蟲苯(ben)甲(jia)酰胺(an)在玉米冠層(ceng)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效利(li)用。