粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)是煤(mei)礦(kuang)開(kai)采所面臨的(de)主要災(zai)害之一，嚴重威脅著井下(xia)(xia)職工的(de)身心(xin)健康及(ji)企(qi)業的(de)安全生產。水噴霧作(zuo)為煤(mei)礦(kuang)井下(xia)(xia)應用最為廣泛的(de)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)防治(zhi)方(fang)法，但降塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)果不佳，尤(you)其(qi)是對粒徑小、疏水性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)的(de)呼(hu)吸性(xing)(xing)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率更低，難以(yi)滿(man)足礦(kuang)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)防治(zhi)要求。為高效(xiao)防治(zhi)煤(mei)礦(kuang)井下(xia)(xia)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，增強(qiang)水溶液(ye)(ye)和粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(尤(you)其(qi)是呼(hu)吸性(xing)(xing)粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen))間的(de)濕潤凝并(bing)性(xing)(xing)能，基于活性(xing)(xing)添加劑與磁場磁化(hua)在水溶液(ye)(ye)理(li)化(hua)性(xing)(xing)能方(fang)面的(de)協(xie)同(tong)增效(xiao)作(zuo)用，本論文提(ti)出了活性(xing)(xing)磁化(hua)水降塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)新思(si)路。

并圍繞煤礦井下(xia)(xia)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)水(shui)(shui)(shui)降(jiang)(jiang)塵機制(zhi)及(ji)技術，采(cai)用(yong)理論分(fen)析、實驗研究(jiu)、數(shu)(shu)值模擬相結合(he)的(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)系統開(kai)展(zhan)了(le)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)添(tian)加(jia)劑(ji)(ji)與磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)協(xie)同增效改(gai)(gai)善溶(rong)液(ye)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)(run)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能作用(yong)機理、活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)水(shui)(shui)(shui)高(gao)效磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)理論、煤礦井下(xia)(xia)高(gao)效霧化(hua)(hua)(hua)降(jiang)(jiang)塵方(fang)(fang)法(fa)等(deng)方(fang)(fang)面的(de)研究(jiu)，取得了(le)以下(xia)(xia)研究(jiu)成(cheng)果:采(cai)用(yong)動力學模擬與實驗相結合(he)的(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)從(cong)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)結構層面揭示了(le)磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)與活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)添(tian)加(jia)劑(ji)(ji)協(xie)同增效的(de)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)水(shui)(shui)(shui)潤(run)(run)濕(shi)(shi)粉塵機理。研究(jiu)表明:磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)能改(gai)(gai)變水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)徑向分(fen)布函數(shu)(shu)增強水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)擴散系數(shu)(shu)，破壞水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)間的(de)氫鍵(jian)結構，使(shi)得大(da)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)團(tuan)簇破裂為(wei)更(geng)多(duo)小分(fen)子(zi)(zi)集團(tuan)，降(jiang)(jiang)低了(le)溶(rong)液(ye)內(nei)聚力，進而(er)使(shi)得水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)(run)粉塵能力得到加(jia)強。此外，活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)添(tian)加(jia)劑(ji)(ji)(含有陰離(li)子(zi)(zi)、非離(li)子(zi)(zi)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji))通(tong)過自身所(suo)具有的(de)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)基團(tuan)大(da)幅(fu)改(gai)(gai)善了(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)(run)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能，并在磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)作用(yong)下(xia)(xia)陰離(li)子(zi)(zi)、非離(li)子(zi)(zi)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)在水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)表面形成(cheng)更(geng)為(wei)緊密的(de)隔離(li)層，促使(shi)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)添(tian)加(jia)劑(ji)(ji)臨(lin)界膠束(shu)濃度(du)降(jiang)(jiang)低的(de)同時也增加(jia)了(le)溶(rong)液(ye)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)(run)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能。

活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水通過(guo)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(物理(li)方(fang)法)與活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)添(tian)(tian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學方(fang)法)間有(you)機結(jie)合(he)，大幅增強了(le)(le)(le)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)塵(chen)(chen)霧滴濕潤(run)(run)(run)(run)凝(ning)并粉塵(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力。基于磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)添(tian)(tian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在改善溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液濕潤(run)(run)(run)(run)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)協同(tong)(tong)(tong)增效(xiao)(xiao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)機理(li)，并結(jie)合(he)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)離子(zi)、非離子(zi)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)間復配(pei)增效(xiao)(xiao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)機制(zhi)，研(yan)發(fa)了(le)(le)(le)制(zhi)備活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水的(de)(de)(de)高效(xiao)(xiao)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。構建(jian)了(le)(le)(le)以(yi)表面(mian)張力、接觸角及(ji)粉塵(chen)(chen)沉降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)時間為基礎評(ping)價(jia)參(can)(can)數，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液鋪展功(gong)、浸入功(gong)、發(fa)泡性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)及(ji)濕潤(run)(run)(run)(run)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)增長率為輔(fu)助(zhu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)參(can)(can)數的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液濕潤(run)(run)(run)(run)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)評(ping)價(jia)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，系(xi)統分(fen)析(xi)了(le)(le)(le)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)單體(ti)(ti)及(ji)復配(pei)表面(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)對溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液濕潤(run)(run)(run)(run)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)時研(yan)究了(le)(le)(le)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)對復配(pei)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，結(jie)果(guo)表明(ming):在磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)下陰(yin)(yin)(yin)離子(zi)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液濕潤(run)(run)(run)(run)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)相(xiang)(xiang)對于非離子(zi)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)更易于得到改善，相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)復配(pei)條件下活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)添(tian)(tian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(F+C)濕潤(run)(run)(run)(run)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)最強且與磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)協同(tong)(tong)(tong)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)最好。在此基礎上，研(yan)發(fa)了(le)(le)(le)能(neng)與磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)具有(you)較強協同(tong)(tong)(tong)增效(xiao)(xiao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)低成本活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水添(tian)(tian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，即在非離子(zi)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)F含量15%時與陰(yin)(yin)(yin)離子(zi)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)C復配(pei)得到的(de)(de)(de)，其井(jing)下降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)塵(chen)(chen)使用(yong)量僅(jin)為0.03%。利用(yong)構建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)添(tian)(tian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液小(xiao)型(xing)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)實驗系(xi)統，研(yan)究了(le)(le)(le)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)式、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場強度(du)、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)程及(ji)穿(chuan)過(guo)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場的(de)(de)(de)水流速度(du)對活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水濕潤(run)(run)(run)(run)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率，探明(ming)了(le)(le)(le)高效(xiao)(xiao)制(zhi)備活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水所需的(de)(de)(de)最佳磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)參(can)(can)數，并提出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)基于脈動切割與螺旋擾流耦合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)高效(xiao)(xiao)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)法。

結果表(biao)明:含有0.03%活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)添加劑的(de)(de)溶(rong)液以4 m/s的(de)(de)速度穿過磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)強度為300-350 mT的(de)(de)脈動切割與螺(luo)旋擾(rao)流耦合磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)(磁(ci)(ci)(ci)程為8 m)，所制備得到的(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水濕潤(run)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能最佳，其接觸(chu)角(jiao)相(xiang)對于(yu)原有活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)添加劑溶(rong)液減少了29.93%，降低到23.97°;同時，其表(biao)面張力有了進一步的(de)(de)降低，達到了26.37 mN/m。在此基(ji)礎上(shang)，研究并確立(li)了磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)裝置高效(xiao)制備活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水所需的(de)(de)內部結構及內外磁(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵分布方(fang)式，成功研發了活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水高效(xiao)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)裝置。基(ji)于(yu)所搭建的(de)(de)水基(ji)介質噴霧(wu)霧(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)降塵測試(shi)系統，開展了活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水高效(xiao)霧(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)法(fa)及降塵特性(xing)(xing)(xing)實驗研究，并據此構建了適用于(yu)煤(mei)礦(kuang)井下粉(fen)塵防治(zhi)的(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水噴霧(wu)霧(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)技術體系。

研究表明(ming):噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)壓力(li)及(ji)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)嘴(zui)(zui)孔徑是影響活(huo)性(xing)磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)(shui)降(jiang)塵(chen)(chen)霧(wu)場霧(wu)化(hua)(hua)特性(xing)的(de)(de)關鍵，所(suo)選孔徑1.5 mm的(de)(de)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)嘴(zui)(zui)在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)壓力(li)5 MPa時所(suo)形成的(de)(de)降(jiang)塵(chen)(chen)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)場霧(wu)化(hua)(hua)效(xiao)果趨于最(zui)大化(hua)(hua);活(huo)性(xing)磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)(shui)降(jiang)塵(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率與噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)壓力(li)間符合指(zhi)數函(han)數關系，其(qi)擬(ni)合函(han)數方程為(wei):η=-151.51*exp(-P/1.24)+80.07，同(tong)時活(huo)性(xing)磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)(shui)對(dui)(dui)不(bu)同(tong)粒徑區間呼塵(chen)(chen)具有高效(xiao)降(jiang)塵(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率，對(dui)(dui)于0~2.5μm粒徑區間的(de)(de)煤塵(chen)(chen)，其(qi)降(jiang)塵(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率相對(dui)(dui)于純水(shui)(shui)有了(le)(le)31.46%的(de)(de)提(ti)高。此外，基于對(dui)(dui)不(bu)同(tong)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)嘴(zui)(zui)排(pai)布(bu)方式與活(huo)性(xing)磁(ci)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)(shui)霧(wu)化(hua)(hua)特性(xing)關系的(de)(de)研究，研制(zhi)出了(le)(le)一種噴(pen)(pen)(pen)嘴(zui)(zui)排(pai)布(bu)裝(zhuang)置，以互補式的(de)(de)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)方法排(pai)布(bu)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)嘴(zui)(zui)，顯(xian)著提(ti)高了(le)(le)霧(wu)場對(dui)(dui)主要產塵(chen)(chen)源的(de)(de)覆蓋面積。

現場(chang)應(ying)用(yong)證實了煤(mei)礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)磁(ci)化水(shui)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)塵(chen)技術(shu)能高效(xiao)防治井(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)懸浮粉(fen)塵(chen)，特別是呼吸性(xing)粉(fen)塵(chen)。鄭煤(mei)集(ji)團(tuan)鄒莊(zhuang)煤(mei)礦(kuang)3109掘進(jin)工作面現場(chang)應(ying)用(yong)表明:活(huo)(huo)性(xing)磁(ci)化水(shui)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)塵(chen)技術(shu)能有(you)效(xiao)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低煤(mei)礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)粉(fen)塵(chen)濃度，全塵(chen)、呼塵(chen)濃度分別降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)至11.94 mg/m~3、7.74 mg/m~3;同(tong)時經山東魯(lu)泰控股集(ji)團(tuan)鹿洼煤(mei)礦(kuang)采煤(mei)工作面現場(chang)應(ying)用(yong)表明:活(huo)(huo)性(xing)磁(ci)化水(shui)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)塵(chen)技術(shu)能高效(xiao)捕捉井(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)粉(fen)塵(chen)，其(qi)全塵(chen)、呼塵(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)塵(chen)效(xiao)率分別達到(dao)了89.1%、87.6%，相(xiang)對于水(shui)噴霧降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)塵(chen)，其(qi)全塵(chen)、呼塵(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)塵(chen)效(xiao)率分別提高了34%、46.29%，大幅改善了煤(mei)礦(kuang)井(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)職工的工作環境，保(bao)障了企業的安(an)全生產。此外，現場(chang)應(ying)用(yong)進(jin)一(yi)步證實了磁(ci)化與活(huo)(huo)性(xing)添加(jia)劑溶(rong)液間的協同(tong)增效(xiao)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)塵(chen)作用(yong)。