合作客戶/
拜耳公司 |
同濟大學 |
聯合大學 |
美國保潔 |
美國強生 |
瑞士羅氏 |
相關新聞Info
表面張力儀在水環境檢測方面的應用——結論、參考!
來(lai)源:上海謂載 瀏覽(lan) 676 次 發布(bu)時間:2021-10-27
四、結論
表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)的水生毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)因(yin)環(huan)境而異 水硬度和/或吸(xi)附劑(ji)(ji)的存在,但 gtox 值(zhi)(LC50 或 EC50 下的表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)張力(li))對(dui)于(yu)每(mei)個 表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)。 因(yin)此,表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)張力(li)可以(yi)作為 影(ying)響水生毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)因(yin)素影(ying)響的指(zhi)標(biao)(biao) 表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)。 表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)的實(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)(shi)毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)試驗(yan)趨(qu)于(yu) 顯示出比自(zi)然水環(huan)境更高的風(feng)險(xian) 因(yin)為實(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)(shi)測(ce)試通常不考慮表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)對(dui)懸浮土壤或沉積(ji)物(wu)材料的吸(xi)附。 如果我們(men)通過以(yi)下方式檢查自(zi)然環(huan)境中的水狀況 以(yi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)張力(li)測(ce)試為指(zhi)標(biao)(biao),我們(men)將能(neng)夠 將表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)的實(shi)驗(yan)室(shi)(shi)測(ce)試數據與(yu) 表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)的自(zi)然環(huan)境風(feng)險(xian)。
參考
1. Abel, P.D. Toxicity of synthetic detergents to fish and aquatic invertebrates. J. Fish. Biol. 6, 279-298 (1974).
2. Tomiyama, S. Effects of surfactants on fish. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fisheries. 40 (12), 1291-1296 (1974).
3. Tomiyama, S. On the possible mechanism of the effect on fishes and shellfishes by household detergents. Yukagaku. 27 (6), 347-353 (1978).
4. Jackson, W.F.; Fromm, P.O. Effect of a detergent on flux of tritiated water into isolated perfused gills of rainbow trouts. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 58C, 167 (1977).
5. Bock, K.J. über die Wirkung von Waschrohstoffen auf Fische. Arch. Fisch. Wiss. 17, 68-77 (1966).
6. Gloxhuber, C.H.; Fishcher, W.K. Wirkungen von Alkylpolyglykol?thern auf Fische, Fd Cosmet. Toxicol, 6, 469-477 (1968).
7. Calamari, D.; Marchetti, R. The toxicity of mixtures of metals and surfactants to rainbow trout. Water Research. 7, 1453-1464 (1973).
8. Kurata, N.; Koshida, K.; Fujii, T. Biodegradation of surfactants in river water and their toxicity to fish. Yukagaku. 26 (2), 115-118 (1977).
9. Matuura, R.; Kimizuka, H.; Yatsunami, K. The study of the adsorption of detergents at a solution-air interface by radiotracer method 3. The effect of inorganic electrolytes on the adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Bulletin Chemical Soc. Jpn. 32 (6), 646-650 (1959).
10. Wakabayashi, M.; Kikuchi, M.; Inoue, W.; Kawahara, H.; Koido, Y. Senzai no suiseiseibutsu ni taisuru dokusei (1). The Aquiculture (Suisan-Zoshoku). 23 (3), 119- 124 (1976).
11. Tovell, P.W.A.; Newsome, C.; Howes, D. Effect of water hardness on the toxicity of an anionic detergent to fish. Water Res. 8, 291-296 (1974).
12. Tovell, P.W.A.; Newsome, C.; Howes, D. Effect of water hardness on the toxicity of a nonionic detergent to fish. Water Res. 9, 31-36 (1975).
13. Feijtel, T.C.J.; van de Plassche, E.J. Environmental risk characterization of 4 major surfactants used in the Netherland, 67-68 (1995).
14. Kikuchi, M. Biodegradation and aquatic toxicity of surfactants. J. Jpn. Soc. Water Environment. 16 (5), 302- 307 (1993).