我國是(shi)中(zhong)性圓珠筆生產(chan)大國,其產(chan)量近(jin)年來一直位居(ju)世(shi)界第一,然(ran)而用于制(zhi)造(zao)中(zhong)性圓珠筆的核心材料—中(zhong)性墨(mo)水(shui)(Gel ink)至今仍主要依賴進(jin)口。這一局面直接制(zhi)約了(le)我國制(zhi)筆行業的可持續性發展,因此(ci)中(zhong)性墨(mo)水(shui)的國產(chan)化勢(shi)在(zai)必(bi)行。

本論文首先對中性墨水的定義、特點和所涉及的技術背景進行了綜述,指出中性墨水技術研發所面臨的主要技術難題可以歸結為三個個方面,即顏料在水性體系中穩定分散、中性墨水的粘度形成和中性墨水的潤滑性能。

由于中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)墨水體系復雜,對(dui)顏(yan)(yan)料的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)散穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)有較高(gao)的(de)(de)要求,特別是(shi)色(se)素(su)炭(tan)(tan)黑,由于其結構(gou)的(de)(de)特殊性(xing)(xing)(xing),是(shi)顏(yan)(yan)料中(zhong)最難(nan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)散的(de)(de)品(pin)種之一,因此選擇(ze)合適的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)散劑(ji)是(shi)實(shi)現對(dui)顏(yan)(yan)料穩定(ding)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)散的(de)(de)基礎。作者選用(yong)陰離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)散劑(ji)、非離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)散劑(ji)、潤濕分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)散劑(ji)、超(chao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)散劑(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別對(dui)顏(yan)(yan)料進行(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)散實(shi)驗,采用(yong)離(li)心分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)-分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)光(guang)光(guang)度(du)法、高(gao)溫老(lao)化(hua)(hua)-微(wei)(wei)觀檢(jian)測(ce)法檢(jian)測(ce)制(zhi)備(bei)的(de)(de)色(se)漿(jiang)(jiang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)散穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing),篩選出使用(yong)兩種陰離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)散劑(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別與(yu)非離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)散劑(ji)復配(pei)制(zhi)備(bei)的(de)(de)色(se)漿(jiang)(jiang)和潤濕分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)散劑(ji)制(zhi)備(bei)的(de)(de)色(se)漿(jiang)(jiang)可以滿足中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)墨水穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)要求,同時初步(bu)探討了離(li)心分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)-吸光(guang)光(guang)度(du)法測(ce)定(ding)的(de)(de)色(se)漿(jiang)(jiang)α值與(yu)高(gao)溫老(lao)化(hua)(hua)-微(wei)(wei)觀檢(jian)測(ce)法檢(jian)測(ce)的(de)(de)色(se)漿(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)炭(tan)(tan)黑粒子(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)散狀態(tai)變化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)關系。

中性(xing)(xing)墨(mo)水粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)的(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng),關系其裝配與(yu)書寫性(xing)(xing)能(neng)。作者詳細考查了三種不同觸變機理的(de)(de)增稠劑對(dui)中性(xing)(xing)墨(mo)水粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)影響,包括增稠劑對(dui)中性(xing)(xing)墨(mo)水的(de)(de)表觀粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)、觸變指數和(he)色(se)漿穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)影響,在此基礎上篩選(xuan)出適(shi)合某一(yi)色(se)漿的(de)(de)增稠劑,實(shi)現中性(xing)(xing)墨(mo)水粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)形(xing)成(cheng)和(he)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)兼容,并對(dui)這(zhe)一(yi)機理進(jin)行了初步(bu)探討。

中(zhong)性(xing)筆(bi)要求長時間放(fang)置(zhi)筆(bi)頭不干燥,因此需要在(zai)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)添加(jia)保(bao)(bao)濕(shi)劑(ji),提供墨(mo)(mo)(mo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)保(bao)(bao)濕(shi)性(xing)能,在(zai)中(zhong)性(xing)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong),一般(ban)添加(jia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶(rong)性(xing)低(di)碳(tan)醇作(zuo)為保(bao)(bao)濕(shi)劑(ji),作(zuo)者在(zai)自制色(se)漿(jiang)中(zhong)加(jia)入二甘醇,考察了水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶(rong)性(xing)低(di)碳(tan)醇對(dui)中(zhong)性(xing)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)粘(zhan)度形(xing)(xing)成和保(bao)(bao)濕(shi)性(xing)能的(de)影響,同(tong)時對(dui)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)和書(shu)寫(xie)性(xing)能(書(shu)寫(xie)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)跡是(shi)否(fou)容易干燥、書(shu)寫(xie)線條是(shi)否(fou)有羽化現象)進行檢測,解決了水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶(rong)性(xing)低(di)碳(tan)醇與色(se)漿(jiang)、增稠劑(ji)的(de)合理匹配,制備出具有良(liang)好保(bao)(bao)濕(shi)性(xing)能、書(shu)寫(xie)性(xing)能和粘(zhan)度形(xing)(xing)成的(de)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。

針(zhen)對中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)墨水(shui)對圓珠(zhu)筆頭(tou)潤(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)問題,本文采用劃線長度(du)實驗表征方(fang)法(fa),考(kao)察了不(bu)同潤(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)劑對筆頭(tou)潤(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)性(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)影(ying)響,選擇出(chu)對筆頭(tou)潤(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)潤(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)劑,同時對添加(jia)該潤(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)劑的(de)(de)中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)墨水(shui)穩定性(xing)(xing)進行檢測,制備出(chu)具有較(jiao)好潤(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)性(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)墨水(shui)。

中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)水(shui)服(fu)務于中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)筆,基于國內并無(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)水(shui)相(xiang)關標(biao)準(zhun)出臺,本(ben)章參照國際標(biao)準(zhun)化組織發布的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)水(shui)圓珠筆及筆芯標(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)自(zi)制中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)水(shui)和(he)日本(ben)米庫尼中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)水(shui)進行主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)物理性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)和(he)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)書寫(xie)(xie)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)測(ce)試,通過對(dui)兩種中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)水(shui)物理性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)和(he)書寫(xie)(xie)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)對(dui)比實(shi)驗,作(zuo)者(zhe)認為自(zi)制中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)水(shui)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)物理性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)和(he)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)書寫(xie)(xie)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)已(yi)接(jie)近或達到進口中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)水(shui)。